Summary
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- 最終更新: 2025/07/02
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GitHub上のドキュメントをスライド化しています
https://github.com/ethereum/kzg-ceremony/master/README.mdを参照しています。
Summary
The KZG Ceremony is a coordinated public ritual which will provide a cryptographic foundation for Ethereum scaling initiatives. From the specs repo:
The ceremony takes place between participants and the sequencer. Participants are the entities that contribute their secret randomness to the final output 𝜏 s. The role of the sequencer is to act as the common point of interaction for all participants as well as verifying participants' contribution as the ceremony progresses.
The ceremony is designed to have the following characteristics:
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wide ecosystem participation
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browser accessible
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a meaningful narrative in a simple interface
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easy to audit transcript
The best place to follow along is the KZG Ceremony channel in the Ethereum R&D Discord or the bridged telegram channel - DM one of the contributors to be added to either.
Resources
Audits
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SECBIT Spec + Implementation Audit - Aug 2022
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Sigma Prime Sequencer Audit - Jan 2023
Client Implementations
There are a number of independent implementations interested Ceremony participants can try to run locally, will have a variety of different features. (no guarantees on the quality or completeness!)
CLI Interfaces
Implementation BLS Library Language License Author Notesblst (jblst)
Java
Apache 2.0
Stefan Bratanov (@StefanBratanov)
gnark-crypto
Go
MIT
Ignacio Hagopian (@jsign)
Features: transcript verification, using additional external sources of entropy, eg. drand network, an arbitrary URL provided by the user. Note: double signing not supported due to lack of hash-to-curve in gnark.
kilic
Go
GPL-3.0
Arnaucube (@arnaucube)
blst
Go
MIT
Daniel Knopik (@dknopik), Marius van der Wijden (@MariusVanDerWijden)
Linux only, no signatures.
blst
C++
AGPL-3.0
Patrice Vignola (@PatriceVignola)
Features: BLS/ECDSA signing, transcript verification, Linux/Windows/MacOS support
noble-curves
JavaScript
MIT
JoonKyo Kim (@rootwarp), HyungGi Kim (@kim201212)
blst
C#
MIT
Alexey (@flcl42), CheeChyuan (@chee-chyuan), Michal (@mpzajac), Jorge (@jmederosalvarado), Prince (@prix0007)
Browser Interfaces
Interface BLS Library License Author IPFS Repository NotesArkworks
References the latest version of the interface, which departs from the audited version in minor ways
ZKParty Frontend (Audit Commit)
Arkworks
The exact interface which Sigma Prime audited in November 2022. May have minor bugs or differences from the latest version above. docker instructions
gnark
MIT
Andrew Davis (@Savid)
[2]
🐶
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audit: QmevfvaP3nR5iMncWKa55B2f5mUgTAw9oDjFovD3XNrJTV
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doge: QmRs83zAU1hEnPHeeSKBUa58kLiWiwkjG3rJCmB8ViTcSU
BLS Libraries
Library Language License AuditC & assembly
Apache 2.0
Audit Report, [WIP] Formal Verification
Rust
Apache 2.0, MIT
Go & assembly
Apache 2.0
Go
Apache 2.0
C++ & assembly
Nim
Apache 2.0
Python
MIT
Rust
Apache 2.0
TypeScript/JS
MIT
Special Contributions
April 1-16 2023 was the Special Contribution Period for the KZG Ceremony. This allowed participants to contribute in ways that may not have been possible in the Open Contribution period.
While the Ceremony only needs a single honest participant to provide a secure output, Special Contributions provide additional assurances beyond a standard entropy contribution:
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computing over the entropy in an isolated environment (eg. on an airgapped machine, wiping and physically destroying hardware) means it’s unlikely for a malicious entity to have extracted the entropy at any point
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detailed documentation (explore links below) attached to real reputations are unlikely to all have been coopted or faked by a malicious coordinating entity. The records are available for future observers to explore.
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different hardware and software limits correlated risk
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differentiated entropy generation (eg. measuring an explosion) prevents the Ceremony output being compromised by some failure in the regular entropy generation (eg. the hosted interface)
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contributions involving large groups of people are harder to fake than those with only one person
This post is a public record of the Special Contributions with information on methodology, where to find them in the transcript, and links to documenting media.
Media
KZG Ceremony Duo Summons The Ethereum Road Map
The Defiant
Tegan Kline, Carl Beekhuizen, Trent Van Epps
April 2023
Episode 262: Ethereum’s KZG Ceremony with Trent & Carl
Zero Knowledge
Anna Rose, Kobi Gurkan, Carl Beekhuizen, Trent Van Epps
Feb 2023
Bankless
David Hoffman, Trent Van Epps, Carl Beekhuizen
Jan 2023
EthCatHerders
Pooja Ranjan, Carl Beekhuizen
Jan 2023
Ethereum Foundation — EIP-4844 & KZG Ceremony
Epicenter
Friederike Ernst, Trent Van Epps, Carl Beekhuizen
Jan 2023
PSE Learn and Share
Nico Serrano, Geoff Lamperd
Dec 2022
The KZG Ceremony - or How I Learnt to Stop Worrying and Love Trusted Setups
Devcon
Carl Beekhuizen
Oct 2022
Public Calls
| Call # |Link | Date | | -: | -: | -: | |1 | Agenda/Recording |June 9 2022 | |2 | Agenda/Recording | June 23 2022 | |3 | Agenda/Recording |July 7 2022 | |4 | Agenda/Recording | July 21 2022 | |5 | Agenda/Recording | Aug 4 2022 | |6 | Agenda/Recording |Aug 18 2022 | |7 | Agenda/Recording |Sept 1 2022 | |8 | Agenda/Recording | Sept 15 2022 | |9 | Agenda/Recording | Sept 29 2022 |
