Whisper is a general-purpose speech recognition model. It is trained on a large dataset of diverse audio and is also a multi-task model that can perform multilingual speech recognition as well as speech translation and language identification.
Approach
A Transformer sequence-to-sequence model is trained on various speech processing tasks, including multilingual speech recognition, speech translation, spoken language identification, and voice activity detection. All of these tasks are jointly represented as a sequence of tokens to be predicted by the decoder, allowing for a single model to replace many different stages of a traditional speech processing pipeline. The multitask training format uses a set of special tokens that serve as task specifiers or classification targets.
Setup
We used Python 3.9.9 and PyTorch 1.10.1 to train and test our models, but the codebase is expected to be compatible with Python 3.8-3.10 and recent PyTorch versions. The codebase also depends on a few Python packages, most notably HuggingFace Transformers for their fast tokenizer implementation and ffmpeg-python for reading audio files. You can download and install (or update to) the latest release of Whisper with the following command:
pip install -U openai-whisper
Alternatively, the following command will pull and install the latest commit from this repository, along with its Python dependencies:
It also requires the command-line tool ffmpeg to be installed on your system, which is available from most package managers:
= on Ubuntu or Debian
sudo apt update && sudo apt install ffmpeg
= on Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S ffmpeg
= on MacOS using Homebrew (https://brew.sh/)
brew install ffmpeg
= on Windows using Chocolatey (https://chocolatey.org/)
choco install ffmpeg
= on Windows using Scoop (https://scoop.sh/)
scoop install ffmpeg
You may need rust installed as well, in case tokenizers does not provide a pre-built wheel for your platform. If you see installation errors during the pip install command above, please follow the Getting started page to install Rust development environment. Additionally, you may need to configure the PATH environment variable, e.g. export PATH="$HOME/.cargo/bin:$PATH". If the installation fails with No module named 'setuptools_rust', you need to install setuptools_rust, e.g. by running:
pip install setuptools-rust
Available models and languages
There are five model sizes, four with English-only versions, offering speed and accuracy tradeoffs. Below are the names of the available models and their approximate memory requirements and relative speed.
Size
Parameters
English-only model
Multilingual model
Required VRAM
Relative speed
tiny
39 M
tiny.en
tiny
~1 GB
~32x
base
74 M
base.en
base
~1 GB
~16x
small
244 M
small.en
small
~2 GB
~6x
medium
769 M
medium.en
medium
~5 GB
~2x
large
1550 M
N/A
large
~10 GB
1x
For English-only applications, the .en models tend to perform better, especially for the tiny.en and base.en models. We observed that the difference becomes less significant for the small.en and medium.en models.
Whisper’s performance varies widely depending on the language. The figure below shows a WER (Word Error Rate) breakdown by languages of Fleurs dataset, using the large-v2 model. More WER and BLEU scores corresponding to the other models and datasets can be found in Appendix D in the paper. The smaller is better.
Command-line usage
The following command will transcribe speech in audio files, using the medium model:
whisper audio.flac audio.mp3 audio.wav --model medium
The default setting (which selects the small model) works well for transcribing English. To transcribe an audio file containing non-English speech, you can specify the language using the --language option:
whisper japanese.wav --language Japanese
Adding --task translate will translate the speech into English:
whisper japanese.wav --language Japanese --task translate
Run the following to view all available options:
whisper --help
See tokenizer.py for the list of all available languages.
Python usage
Transcription can also be performed within Python:
import whisper
model = whisper.load_model("base")
result = model.transcribe("audio.mp3")
print(result["text"])
Internally, the transcribe() method reads the entire file and processes the audio with a sliding 30-second window, performing autoregressive sequence-to-sequence predictions on each window.
Below is an example usage of whisper.detect_language() and whisper.decode() which provide lower-level access to the model.
import whisper
model = whisper.load_model("base")
= load audio and pad/trim it to fit 30 seconds
audio = whisper.load_audio("audio.mp3")
audio = whisper.pad_or_trim(audio)
= make log-Mel spectrogram and move to the same device as the model
mel = whisper.log_mel_spectrogram(audio).to(model.device)
= detect the spoken language
_, probs = model.detect_language(mel)
print(f"Detected language: {max(probs, key=probs.get)}")
= decode the audio
options = whisper.DecodingOptions()
result = whisper.decode(model, mel, options)
= print the recognized text
print(result.text)
More examples
Please use the 🙌 Show and tell category in Discussions for sharing more example usages of Whisper and third-party extensions such as web demos, integrations with other tools, ports for different platforms, etc.
License
The code and the model weights of Whisper are released under the MIT License. See LICENSE for further details.
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Whisper is a general-purpose speech recognition model. It is trained on a large dataset of diverse audio and is also a multi-task model that can perform multilingual speech recognition as well as speech translation and language identification.
Approach
A Transformer sequence-to-sequence model is trained on various speech processing tasks, including multilingual speech recognition, speech translation, spoken language identification, and voice activity detection. All of these tasks are jointly represented as a sequence of tokens to be predicted by the decoder, allowing for a single model to replace many different stages of a traditional speech processing pipeline. The multitask training format uses a set of special tokens that serve as task specifiers or classification targets.
Setup
We used Python 3.9.9 and PyTorch 1.10.1 to train and test our models, but the codebase is expected to be compatible with Python 3.8-3.10 and recent PyTorch versions. The codebase also depends on a few Python packages, most notably HuggingFace Transformers for their fast tokenizer implementation and ffmpeg-python for reading audio files. You can download and install (or update to) the latest release of Whisper with the following command:
Alternatively, the following command will pull and install the latest commit from this repository, along with its Python dependencies:
To update the package to the latest version of this repository, please run:
It also requires the command-line tool
ffmpegto be installed on your system, which is available from most package managers:You may need
rustinstalled as well, in case tokenizers does not provide a pre-built wheel for your platform. If you see installation errors during thepip installcommand above, please follow the Getting started page to install Rust development environment. Additionally, you may need to configure thePATHenvironment variable, e.g.export PATH="$HOME/.cargo/bin:$PATH". If the installation fails withNo module named 'setuptools_rust', you need to installsetuptools_rust, e.g. by running:Available models and languages
There are five model sizes, four with English-only versions, offering speed and accuracy tradeoffs. Below are the names of the available models and their approximate memory requirements and relative speed.
tiny
39 M
tiny.entiny~1 GB
~32x
base
74 M
base.enbase~1 GB
~16x
small
244 M
small.ensmall~2 GB
~6x
medium
769 M
medium.enmedium~5 GB
~2x
large
1550 M
N/A
large~10 GB
1x
For English-only applications, the
.enmodels tend to perform better, especially for thetiny.enandbase.enmodels. We observed that the difference becomes less significant for thesmall.enandmedium.enmodels.Whisper’s performance varies widely depending on the language. The figure below shows a WER (Word Error Rate) breakdown by languages of Fleurs dataset, using the
large-v2model. More WER and BLEU scores corresponding to the other models and datasets can be found in Appendix D in the paper. The smaller is better.Command-line usage
The following command will transcribe speech in audio files, using the
mediummodel:The default setting (which selects the
smallmodel) works well for transcribing English. To transcribe an audio file containing non-English speech, you can specify the language using the--languageoption:Adding
--task translatewill translate the speech into English:Run the following to view all available options:
See tokenizer.py for the list of all available languages.
Python usage
Transcription can also be performed within Python:
Internally, the
transcribe()method reads the entire file and processes the audio with a sliding 30-second window, performing autoregressive sequence-to-sequence predictions on each window.Below is an example usage of
whisper.detect_language()andwhisper.decode()which provide lower-level access to the model.More examples
Please use the 🙌 Show and tell category in Discussions for sharing more example usages of Whisper and third-party extensions such as web demos, integrations with other tools, ports for different platforms, etc.
License
The code and the model weights of Whisper are released under the MIT License. See LICENSE for further details.